Contributions to the biological and physical sciences of thePacific area are welcomed from authors in all parts of the world.Manuscripts should be addressed to the editor-in-chief, Curtis C.Daehler (daehler@hawaii.edu), Department of Botany, 3190 Maile Way,University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822–1888, USA. Theeditor-in-chief will acknowledge receipt of each paper, arrange for itsevaluation, and notify the author as soon as possible of the decisionreached. Pacific Science is published four times per year (January, April, July, and October).
Manuscript Form
Electronic submission—E-mail the double-spaced manuscriptas a single file (including all text, figures, tables, and appendices)to daehler@hawaii.edu. No hard copy is required for e-mail submissions.However, if the file size exceeds 10 Mb please follow procedures givenfor hard-copy submission.
Hard-copy submission—An original copy, and a diskette/CDROM version of each manuscript should be submitted. For the convenienceof editors, evaluators, copy editors, and typesetters, the originalcopy, including literature cited, figure captions, and tables, should beprinted on 8 1/2" by 11" (21.59 cm by 27.94 cm) white bond paper,double-spaced throughout.
General
Editorial style conforms to specifications set forth for scientific publications in The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 2003). Spelling, with a few exceptions, conforms to Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary,11th ed. Abbreviations of periodicals listed in bibliographies shouldbe those recommended in the BIOSIS Serial Sources. This publication maybe ordered from the following address: 2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia,PA 19103-1399, USA. Manuscripts should follow the guidelines outlinedhere; those that do not may be returned for revision before review.
Manuscripts are copyedited and typeset electronically fromelectronic files supplied by authors (with very few exceptions). If yourmanuscript is accepted for publication, you will be asked to submitelectronic files for your manuscript that include the text, tables, andfigure captions in word-processor format (MS Word compatible or RichText formats preferred) and high-resolution versions of your figures (atleast 300 DPI).
Format of Manuscript
Title: Provide a running head (short title), the title(capitals and lower case), name of author(s), and footnote(s) showingprofessional affiliation and address. Footnote 1 is reserved for thedate of manuscript acceptance and should read “Manuscript accepted___________”. Footnote 1 may also include a statement acknowledginggrant support. The superscript 1 for this footnote should immediatelyfollow the title. When the common or scientific name of an organism isused in the title, include a taxonomic identifier in parentheses [e.g.,(Polychaeta: Sabellidae)].
Abstract: Provide an informative abstract of no more than 250 words. The abstract should be a summary of key information.
Formatting Text: Center all headings. Use italics for Latinnames. Foreign words and terms, including place names, should bespelled with appropriate diacritical marks (e.g., glottal stop, macron).Use the tab key to indent (not spacebar). Use only one space after aperiod or semicolon. Use an em dash (or two hyphens) for a dash (nospace on either side). Include no extra space between paragraphs. Use nounderlining, boldface, small caps, or other displays. Never use allcaps (acronyms excepted). Do not justify the right margin. Do not usehanging indents in the text. Do not use returns within paragraphs. Donot use “soft” hyphens of hyphenation programs (avoid end-of-linebreaks). Use Times New Roman font in 12 point for everything.
Sections: For standard research papers, sections should beas follows: introduction (silent heading), Materials and Methods,Results, Discussion (or combined "Results and Discussion" only forshort manuscripts), Acknowledgments, and Literature Cited. AConclusions heading may be used at the end of the Discussion, at thediscretion of the author.
Text Citations: Cite references by author and date. Forexample, “moves through a forested area (Walker 1995).” Use “and” (notampersand) when citing references by two authors, and “et al.” for morethan two authors, with no comma between author and year. When two ormore references are cited together, arrange chronologically and separateby commas. Separate multiple references by one author with commas.Distinguish multiple citations by the same author in the same year byletters of the alphabet (Smith 2002a,b).
Numbers: Spell out numbers from one through nine, exceptfor decimals, fractions, and when used with units of measurement; usenumerals for numbers 10 and above. Write out ordinal numbers (second,nineteenth century). Use a comma for four-digit numbers (e.g., 1,000).Repeat all digits and use an en dash in ranges (e.g., 257–260, not257–69). Use the numeral “1” for one (never the letter “l”) and thenumeral “0” for zero (never the letter “O”). Use capitals and periods indates (A.D., B.C.).
Special Characters: Use type to show italics (notunderlining), subscripts and superscripts, and accented letters (letterswith diacritics). If your manuscript includes special charactersunavailable in your word-processing program, you may mark them (coloredink) on the hard-copy printout. Or you may use an alphanumeric code ofyour own choosing (e.g., resum<acute-e> for resuméa<tilde-n>o for año); be sure to submit a hard-copy printout ofall such codes used.
Measurements: Use metric measurements. Abbreviate unit ofmeasurement (including time) when preceded by a quantity (e.g., 4 cm, 24yr) but do not use a period.
Reporting Requirements for Statistical Analysis: Authorsare responsible for the statistical method selected and for the accuracyof their data. All statistical methods must be described in Materialsand Methods with appropriate references. To present a test statistic inthe text, give the symbol, degrees of freedom, value of the statistic,and probability level (e.g., for ANOVA, report F value, df, P level; for regression, report the correlation coefficient and slope ± SEM and P level).
Literature Cited: List references in alphabetical order byfirst author. List first or only author by surname, and initial(s); citesubsequent authors of the reference by initial(s) and surname. Includespace between initials. Group multiple publications by same author(s) inchronological order. Use a 3-em dash instead of author(s) names forsubsequent publications. Do not italicize journal titles or book titles.Examples:
Athens, J. S. 1997. Hawaiian native lowland vegetation in prehistory. Pages 248–270 inP. V. Kirch and T. L. Hunt, eds. Historical ecology in the PacificIslands: Prehistoric environmental and landscape change. Yale UniversityPress, New Haven.
Kobayashi, S. R., and M. G. Hadfield. 1996. An experimental study of growth and reproduction in the Hawaiian tree snails Achatinella mustelina and Partulina redfieldii (Achatinellinae). Pac. Sci. 50:339–354.
Maragos, J. E. 1972. A study of the ecology of Hawaiian reef corals. Ph.D. diss., University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu.
———.1995. Revised checklist of extant shallow-water stony coral speciesfrom Hawai‘i (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap.42:54–55.
Maragos, J., and D. Gulko, eds. 2002. Coral reef ecosystems ofthe Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Interim results emphasizing the 2000surveys. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Hawai‘i Department of Landand Natural Resources, Honolulu.
McClanahan, T., N. Polunin, and T. Done. 2002. Ecological statesand the resilience of coral reefs. Conserv. Ecol. 6 (2): 18,http://www.consecol.org/vol6/iss2/art18.
Tables and Illustrations
For review purposes, text, tables, figure captions, and figurescan be merged into a single file. Be sure that each table is on aseparate page. In the text, indicate approximate placement of tables andfigures, following the paragraph where cited, as follows: <<Table1 near here>> <<Fig. 1 near here>>
Plan illustrations to fit the printed page size, 5-1/2 by 7-3/4inches, including space for a caption at the bottom of the illustration.The final printed size of figures and tables is determined and limitedby the format of the journal—each will be one column (2-5/8") or twocolumns (5-1/2") wide or, occasionally, will be placed broadside(7-7/8") on a page. Number each figure and table separately in the orderin which they are cited in the manuscript. Place the captions in themanuscript file, before the tables.
If original artwork is submitted, it must be executed in black inkand must be no larger than 8-1/2" by 11". Artwork exceeding thesedimensions must be photographically reduced before it is submitted forpublication. Photographs must be clear positive prints chosen forclarity and printed on glossy paper with good contrast. Crop photographsto include only essential detail. If several photographs are used for asingle figure, they should be grouped to fit the page width, withidentifying letters. The caption should identify each photograph thatoccurs in a figure. Illustrations in color will be accepted only if theauthor bears the costs of reproduction of such photographs.
Lettering or other detail should be large enough that when printedthe smallest letters or symbols will be at least 1 mm high; linesshould be thick enough and spaced widely enough so that they will notfade or run together when reduced. Use Sans Serif fonts wheneverpossible (e.g., Arial). Computer-generated graphics are preferred. Anelectronic graphic needs to be a TIFF or EPS file with a resolution ofat least 300 dpi at the final size. A low-resolution JPEG is notacceptable. Fonts must be embedded or provided if an EPS file is sent.
Provide suitable scale or legends within the illustration. Do notrepeat information from the caption on the illustration or in thelegend.
Proof
Please proofread carefully. Author's proof should be correctedimmediately and returned at once to the Journals Department, Universityof Hawai‘i Press. Remember that extensive changes in proof are costlyand therefore should be limited to correction of printer's errors anderrors in spelling, punctuation, grammar, and/or fact. Please print legiblyand mark your changes in red ink in the margin, not between the lines.Answer all queries, but do not erase queries or comments already on theproof. Make your corrections according to The Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition).
You may also send your corrections via fax (808-988-6052); faxonly the pages that need corrections. Corrections can also be sent bye-mail, but please provide page number, column, paragraph, and linenumber with the correction. If your proof does not reach us by the timeit must be returned to the typesetter, we will proceed with publicationwithout your changes. In any case, a professional proofreader will havecarefully proofread your article.
Reprints
Each senior author is provided with five complimentary copies ofthe issue in which their publication appears. Reprints may be ordered ona form that is included with the author's proof. Minimum order is 50reprints, and covers are not available. Reprints ship 4 to 6 weeks afterthe publication of the issue. Orders for reprints and allcorrespondence concerning reprints should be sent directly to thepublisher: Journals Department, University of Hawai‘i Press, 2840Kolowalu Street, Honolulu, HI 96822-1888, USA.
Reprints are also offered to authors in PDF format upon request.They are delivered by electronic means and are free. To request PDFreprints, send an e-mail to Cindy Chun, cindychu@hawaii.edu, identifyingyour article title, issue number, and your current e-mail address.
Page Charges
Authors with institutional or grant support are assessed a flatpublication charge of $55 per page. Individuals who do not haveinstitutional or grant support are asked to pay a reduced personal rateof $10 per page to help support the journal. If such charges wouldimpose a substantial financial hardship, an additional subsidy or apage-charge waiver may be requested from the editor-in-chief, CurtisDaehler.
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